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Qhia ib lub carousel ntawm peb slides ib zaug.Siv cov nyees khawm dhau los thiab Tom ntej kom txav mus los ntawm peb qhov swb ib zaug, lossis siv cov khawm slider thaum kawg kom txav mus los ntawm peb qhov swb ib zaug.
Hauv txoj kev tshawb no, ib txoj hauv kev tau tsim los rau kev txiav txim siab ib txhij ntawm cov tsis muaj zog phenols, cyanides, anionic surfactants thiab ammonia nitrogen hauv cov dej haus uas siv lub ntsuas dej ntws.Cov qauv yog thawj zaug distilled ntawm 145 ° C.Cov phenol nyob rau hauv lub distillate ces reacts nrog yooj yim ferricyanide thiab 4-aminoantipyrine los ua ib tug liab complex, uas yog ntsuas colorimetrically ntawm 505 nm.Cov cyanide nyob rau hauv distillate ces reacts nrog chloramine T los tsim cyanochloride, uas tom qab ntawd tsim ib tug xiav complex nrog pyridinecarboxylic acid, uas yog ntsuas colorimetrically ntawm 630 nm.Anionic surfactants hnov mob nrog methylene xiav los tsim ib qho chaw uas tau muab rho tawm nrog chloroform thiab ntxuav nrog acidic methylene xiav kom tshem tawm cov khoom cuam tshuam.Blue compounds nyob rau hauv chloroform tau txiav txim colorimetrically ntawm 660 nm.Nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw alkaline nrog lub wavelength ntawm 660 nm, ammonia reacts nrog salicylate thiab chlorine hauv dichloroisocyanuric acid los tsim indophenol xiav ntawm 37 ° C.Ntawm qhov loj ntawm cov phenols tsis haum thiab cyanide nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm 2-100 µg / l, tus txheeb ze tus qauv sib txawv yog 0.75-6.10% thiab 0.36-5.41%, feem, thiab tus nqi rov qab yog 96.2-103.6% thiab 96.0-102.4% .%.Linear correlation coefficient ≥ 0.9999, txwv kev kuaj pom 1.2 µg / L thiab 0.9 µg / L.Kev sib txheeb tus qauv sib txawv yog 0.27-4.86% thiab 0.33-5.39%, thiab rov qab tau yog 93.7-107.0% thiab 94.4-101.7%.Ntawm qhov loj ntawm anionic surfactants thiab ammonia nitrogen 10 ~ 1000 μg / l.Linear correlation coefficients yog 0.9995 thiab 0.9999, kev kuaj pom tsis pub dhau 10.7 µg/l thiab 7.3 µg/l, raws li.Tsis muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm kev txheeb cais piv rau cov qauv hauv tebchaws.Cov txheej txheem txuag lub sijhawm thiab kev siv zog, muaj qhov ntsuas qis dua, qhov tseeb dua thiab qhov tseeb, tsis muaj paug paug, thiab tsim nyog rau kev tshuaj xyuas thiab kev txiav txim siab ntawm cov qauv ntim loj.
Volatile phenols, cyanides, anionic surfactants thiab ammonium nitrogen1 yog cov cim ntawm organoleptic, lub cev thiab metalloid ntsiab hauv dej haus.Phenolic tebchaw yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj siv tsev blocks rau ntau daim ntawv thov, tab sis phenol thiab nws homologues kuj yog tshuaj lom thiab nyuaj rau biodegrade.Lawv raug tso tawm thaum muaj ntau yam kev lag luam thiab tau dhau los ua ib puag ncig cov pa phem2,3.Cov tshuaj phenolic siab heev tuaj yeem nqus tau rau hauv lub cev los ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab cov kab mob ua pa.Feem ntau ntawm lawv poob lawv cov toxicity thaum lub sij hawm detoxification txheej txheem tom qab nkag mus rau hauv tib neeg lub cev, thiab ces excreted nyob rau hauv cov zis.Txawm li cas los xij, thaum lub cev muaj peev xwm detoxification ntau dhau lawm, cov khoom siv ntau dhau tuaj yeem ua rau ntau yam hauv nruab nrog cev thiab cov ntaub so ntswg, ua rau mob lom, mob taub hau, ua pob liab vog, khaus tawv nqaij, ntxhov siab vim, ntshav tsis txaus, thiab ntau yam kab mob neurological 4, 5, 6,7.Cyanide tsis tshua muaj teeb meem, tab sis thoob plaws hauv qhov xwm txheej.Ntau cov khoom noj thiab cov nroj tsuag muaj cyanide, uas tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm qee cov kab mob, fungi lossis algae8,9.Hauv cov khoom siv yaug tawm xws li tshuaj zawv plaub hau thiab ntxuav lub cev, anionic surfactants feem ntau siv los pab ntxuav vim tias lawv muab cov khoom no nrog lub ntsej muag zoo tshaj thiab ua npuas ncauj zoo uas cov neeg siv khoom nrhiav.Txawm li cas los xij, ntau surfactants tuaj yeem ua rau tawv nqaij 10,11.Cov dej haus, dej hauv av, dej saum npoo av thiab dej khib nyiab muaj nitrogen hauv daim ntawv dawb ammonia (NH3) thiab ammonium ntsev (NH4+), hu ua ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3-N).Cov khoom decomposition ntawm nitrogen-muaj cov organic teeb meem hauv cov dej khib nyiab hauv tsev los ntawm cov kab mob tsuas yog los ntawm cov dej khib nyiab xws li coking thiab hluavtaws ammonia, uas tsim ib feem ntawm ammoniacal nitrogen hauv dej 12,13,14.Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev, suav nrog spectrophotometric15,16,17, chromatography18,19,20,21 thiab ntws txhaj tshuaj 15,22,23,24 tuaj yeem siv los ntsuas plaub yam kab mob hauv dej.Piv rau lwm txoj kev, spectrophotometric yog qhov nrov tshaj plaws1.Txoj kev tshawb no tau siv plaub qhov kev sib txuas ob-channel rau ib txhij ntsuas cov phenols tsis zoo, cyanides, anionic surfactants, thiab sulfides.
Ib qho AA500 nruam flow analyzer (SEAL, Lub teb chaws Yelemees), SL252 hluav taws xob tshuav nyiaj li cas (Shanghai Mingqiao Electronic Instrument Factory, Tuam Tshoj), thiab Milli-Q ultrapure water meter (Merck Millipore, USA) tau siv.Tag nrho cov tshuaj siv nyob rau hauv txoj hauj lwm no yog qib analytical, thiab cov dej deionized tau siv rau hauv txhua qhov kev sim.Hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, boric acid, chloroform, ethanol, sodium tetraborate, isonicotinic acid thiab 4-aminoantipyrine tau yuav los ntawm Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Tuam Tshoj).Triton X-100, sodium hydroxide thiab potassium chloride tau yuav los ntawm Tianjin Damao Chemical Reagent Factory (Suav teb).Potassium ferricyanide, sodium nitroprusside, sodium salicylate thiab N, N-dimethylformamide tau muab los ntawm Tianjin Tianli Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Suav teb).Potassium dihydrogen phosphate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, pyrazolone thiab methylene xiav trihydrate tau yuav los ntawm Tianjin Kemiou Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Suav teb).Trisodium citrate dihydrate, polyoxyethylene lauryl ether thiab sodium dichloroisocyanurate tau yuav los ntawm Shanghai Aladdin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd. (Suav teb).Cov txheej txheem kev daws teeb meem ntawm cov tsis muaj zog phenols, cyanide, anionic surfactants, thiab aqueous ammonia nitrogen tau yuav los ntawm Tuam Tshoj lub koom haum Metrology.
Distillation Reagent: Dilute 160 ml ntawm phosphoric acid rau 1000 ml nrog dej deionized.Reserve buffer: 9 g ntawm boric acid, 5 g ntawm sodium hydroxide thiab 10 g ntawm poov tshuaj chloride thiab dilute mus rau 1000 ml nrog dej deionized.Absorption Reagent (hloov tshiab txhua lub lim tiam): Ua kom raug ntsuas 200 ml Tshuag tsis, ntxiv 1 ml 50% Triton X-100 (v/v, Triton X-100 / ethanol) thiab siv tom qab pom los ntawm 0.45 µm lim membrane.Potassium ferricyanide (hloov tshiab txhua lub lim tiam): Nyhav 0.15 g ntawm poov tshuaj ferricyanide thiab yaj nws hauv 200 ml ntawm cov khoom cia, ntxiv 1 ml ntawm 50% Triton X-100, lim los ntawm 0.45 µm lim membrane ua ntej siv.4-Aminoantipyrine (hloov tshiab txhua lub lim tiam): Nyhav 0.2 g ntawm 4-aminoantipyrine thiab yaj nyob rau hauv 200 ml ntawm Tshuag tsis, ntxiv 1 ml ntawm 50% Triton X-100, lim los ntawm 0.45 µm lim membrane.
Reagent rau distillation: volatile phenol.Cov tshuaj tsis haum: 3 g ntawm poov tshuaj dihydrogen phosphate, 15 g disodium hydrogen phosphate thiab 3 g trisodium citrate dihydrate thiab dilute rau 1000 ml nrog dej deionized.Tom qab ntawd ntxiv 2 ml ntawm 50% Triton X-100.Chloramine T: Nyhav 0.2 g ntawm chloramine T thiab dilute rau 200 ml nrog dej deionized.Chromogenic reagent: Chromogenic reagent A: Ua kom tiav 1.5 g ntawm pyrazolone hauv 20 ml ntawm N, N-dimethylformamide.Tus tsim tawm B: Dissolve 3.5 g ntawm hisonicotinic acid thiab 6 ml ntawm 5 M NaOH hauv 100 ml ntawm dej deionized.Sib tov Developer A thiab Developer B ua ntej siv, kho pH rau 7.0 nrog NaOH tov los yog HCl tov, ces dilute rau 200 ml nrog dej deionized thiab lim rau tom qab siv.
Kev daws tsis haum: Dissolve 10 g sodium tetraborate thiab 2 g sodium hydroxide hauv dej deionized thiab dilute rau 1000 ml.0.025% methylene blue solution: Dissolve 0.05 g ntawm methylene blue trihydrate hauv dej deionized thiab ua kom txog li 200 ml.Methylene blue stock buffer (hloov tshiab txhua hnub): dilute 20 ml ntawm 0.025% methylene blue tov rau 100 ml nrog Tshuag tsis.Hloov mus rau qhov sib cais, ntxuav nrog 20 ml ntawm chloroform, pov tseg cov chloroform siv thiab ntxuav nrog cov chloroform tshiab kom txog thaum xim liab ntawm chloroform txheej ploj (feem ntau 3 zaug), tom qab lim.Basic Methylene Blue: Dilute 60 ml filtered methylene blue stock tov rau 200 ml Tshuag tov, ntxiv 20 ml ethanol, sib tov zoo thiab degas.Acid methylene blue: Ntxiv 2 ml ntawm 0.025% methylene blue tov rau kwv yees li 150 ml ntawm dej deionized, ntxiv 1.0 ml ntawm 1% H2SO4 thiab tom qab ntawd dilute rau 200 ml nrog dej deionized.Tom qab ntawd ntxiv 80 ml ntawm ethanol, sib tov zoo thiab degas.
20% polyoxyethylene lauryl ether tov: Ntsuas 20 g ntawm polyoxyethylene lauryl ether thiab dilute rau 1000 ml nrog dej deionized.Tsis Siv Neeg: Ntsuas 20 g ntawm trisodium citrate, dilute rau 500 ml nrog dej deionized thiab ntxiv 1.0 ml ntawm 20% polyoxyethylene lauryl ether.Sodium salicylate tov (hloov tshiab txhua lub lim tiam): hnyav 20 g ntawm sodium salicylate thiab 0.5 g ntawm poov tshuaj ferricyanide nitrite thiab yaj nyob rau hauv 500 ml ntawm dej deionized.Sodium dichloroisocyanurate tov (hloov tshiab txhua lub lim tiam): hnyav 10 g ntawm sodium hydroxide thiab 1.5 g ntawm sodium dichloroisocyanurate thiab yaj lawv nyob rau hauv 500 ml ntawm deionized dej.
Cov txheej txheem phenol thiab cyanide npaj raws li kev daws teeb meem ntawm 0 μg / l, 2 μg / l, 5 μg / l, 10 μg / l, 25 μg / l, 50 μg / l, 75 μg / l thiab 100 μg / l, siv 0.01 M sodium hydroxide tov.Anionic surfactant thiab ammonia nitrogen tus qauv tau npaj siv deionized dej 0 μg / L, 10 μg / L, 50 μg / L, 100 μg / L, 250 μg / L, 500 μg / L, 750 μg / L thiab 1000 mcg / l .daws.
Pib lub voj voog txias txias, tom qab ntawd (hauv kev txiav txim) tig rau lub computer, cov qauv thiab lub zog rau AA500 tus tswv, xyuas tias cov kav dej txuas nrog kom raug, ntxig cov cua hose rau hauv lub valve, kaw lub phaj siab ntawm lub twj tso kua mis peristaltic, muab cov kav dej reagent rau hauv dej huv hauv nruab nrab.Khiav lub software, qhib lub qhov rais sib txuas thiab xyuas seb cov kav dej sib txuas puas ruaj ntseg thiab yog tias muaj qhov khoob lossis cov pa tawm.Yog tias tsis muaj qhov xau, ua kom lub reagent tsim nyog.Tom qab lub hauv paus ntawm lub qhov rais channel ua ruaj khov, xaiv thiab khiav cov txheej txheem teev cov ntaub ntawv rau kev tshawb pom thiab kev tsom xam.Cov cuab yeej siv tau pom nyob rau hauv Table 1.
Nyob rau hauv no automated txoj kev rau kev txiav txim siab ntawm phenol thiab cyanide, cov qauv yog thawj distilled ntawm 145 ° C.Cov phenol nyob rau hauv lub distillate ces reacts nrog yooj yim ferricyanide thiab 4-aminoantipyrine los ua ib tug liab complex, uas yog ntsuas colorimetrically ntawm 505 nm.Lub cyanide nyob rau hauv lub distillate ces reacts nrog chloramine T los tsim cyanochloride, uas tsim ib tug xiav complex nrog pyridinecarboxylic acid, uas yog ntsuas colorimetrically ntawm 630 nm.Anionic surfactants hnov mob nrog cov methylene xiav los tsim cov tebchaw uas tau muab rho tawm nrog chloroform thiab sib cais los ntawm theem sib cais.Cov theem chloroform yog tom qab ntawd ntxuav nrog acidic methylene xiav kom tshem tawm cov khoom cuam tshuam thiab sib cais dua nyob rau hauv ib theem thib ob cais.Colorimetric kev txiav txim ntawm xiav compounds nyob rau hauv chloroform ntawm 660 nm.Raws li Berthelot cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, ammonia reacts nrog salicylate thiab chlorine nyob rau hauv dichloroisocyanuric acid nyob rau hauv ib tug alkaline nruab nrab ntawm 37 ° C los tsim indophenol xiav.Sodium nitroprusside tau siv los ua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, thiab cov xim tshwm sim tau ntsuas ntawm 660 nm.Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm txoj kev no yog qhia hauv daim duab 1.
Schematic daim duab ntawm ib tug nruam sampling txoj kev rau kev txiav txim ntawm volatile phenols, cyanides, anionic surfactants thiab ammoniacal nitrogen.
Qhov concentration ntawm volatile phenols thiab cyanide ranges ntawm 2 mus rau 100 µg / l, linear correlation coefficient 1.000, regression equation y = (3.888331E + 005) x + (9.938599E + 003).Lub correlation coefficient rau cyanide yog 1.000 thiab qhov sib npaug regression yog y = (3.551656E + 005) x + (9.951319E + 003).Anionic surfactant muaj qhov zoo linear dependence ntawm cov concentration ntawm ammonia nitrogen nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm 10-1000 µg / L.Qhov sib txheeb coefficients rau anionic surfactants thiab ammonia nitrogen yog 0.9995 thiab 0.9999, feem.Regression equations: y = (2.181170E + 004) x + (1.144847E + 004) thiab y = (2.375085E + 004) x + (9.631056E + 003), feem.Cov qauv tswj tau ntsuas tsis tu ncua 11 zaug, thiab qhov txwv ntawm kev tshawb pom ntawm txoj kev tau muab faib los ntawm 3 tus qauv sib txawv ntawm tus qauv tswj ib txoj kab nqes ntawm tus qauv nkhaus.Cov kev txwv tsis pub muaj phenols, cyanide, anionic surfactants, thiab ammonia nitrogen yog 1.2 µg / l, 0.9 µg / l, 10.7 µg / l, thiab 7.3 µg / l, raws li.Qhov kev txwv tsis pub muaj qis dua li cov qauv hauv tebchaws, saib Table 2 kom paub meej.
Ntxiv cov kev daws teeb meem siab, nruab nrab, thiab qis rau cov qauv dej tsis muaj cov cim ntawm cov tshuaj ntsuam xyuas.Intraday thiab interday rov qab thiab raug raug xam tom qab xya qhov kev ntsuas sib law liag.Raws li pom nyob rau hauv Table 3, lub intraday thiab intraday volatile phenol extractions yog 98.0-103.6% thiab 96.2-102.0%, feem, nrog tus txheej txheem sib txawv ntawm 0.75-2.80% thiab 1. 27-6.10%.Lub intraday thiab interday cyanide rov qab yog 101.0-102.0% thiab 96.0-102.4%, feem, thiab tus txheeb ze tus qauv sib txawv yog 0.36-2.26% thiab 2.36-5.41%, feem.Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub intraday thiab interday extraction ntawm anionic surfactants yog 94.3-107.0% thiab 93.7-101.6%, feem, nrog rau tus qauv sib txawv ntawm 0.27-0.96% thiab 4.44-4.86%.Thaum kawg, intra- thiab inter-hnub ammonia nitrogen rov qab yog 98.0-101.7% thiab 94.4-97.8%, feem, nrog cov qauv sib txawv ntawm 0.33-3.13% thiab 4.45-5.39%, feem.raws li qhia hauv Table 3.
Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev, suav nrog spectrophotometric 15,16,17 thiab chromatography25,26, tuaj yeem siv los ntsuas plaub cov pa phem hauv dej.Tshuaj spectrophotometry yog ib txoj kev tshawb fawb tshiab los tshawb xyuas cov pa phem no, uas yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm lub teb chaws tus qauv 27, 28, 29, 30, 31. Nws yuav tsum tau ua cov kauj ruam xws li distillation thiab extraction, uas ua rau cov txheej txheem ntev nrog tsis txaus rhiab heev thiab raug.Zoo, qhov tseeb tsis zoo.Kev siv cov tshuaj organic ntau tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau cov neeg sim.Txawm hais tias chromatography yog nrawm, yooj yim, ua haujlwm tau zoo, thiab muaj kev txwv tsis pub muaj, nws tsis tuaj yeem ntes plaub lub tebchaw tib lub sijhawm.Txawm li cas los xij, tsis muaj qhov sib npaug ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob yog siv rau hauv kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas siv cov spectrophotometry txuas ntxiv mus, uas yog ua raws li cov roj ntws tsis tu ncua ntawm cov dej ntws ntawm cov qauv kev daws teeb meem, ntxiv cov reagents nyob rau hauv qhov tsim nyog ratios thiab sequences thaum ua tiav cov tshuaj tiv thaiv los ntawm kev sib tov voj. thiab kuaj pom nws hauv spectrophotometer, yav tas los tshem tawm cov npuas.Vim tias cov txheej txheem tshawb pom yog automated, cov qauv yog distilled thiab retrieved online nyob rau hauv ib tug kuj kaw ib puag ncig.Cov txheej txheem no txhim kho kev ua haujlwm tau zoo, ntxiv kom txo tau lub sijhawm tshawb nrhiav, ua kom yooj yim rau kev khiav haujlwm, txo cov reagent paug, ua rau kom qhov rhiab heev thiab kev txwv ntawm txoj kev.
Cov anionic surfactant thiab ammonia nitrogen tau suav nrog hauv cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke ntawm qhov concentration ntawm 250 µg / L.Siv cov khoom txheem los hloov cov phenol thiab cyanide mus rau qhov kev sim tshuaj ntawm qhov concentration ntawm 10 µg / L.Rau kev tsom xam thiab kev tshawb pom, lub teb chaws tus qauv qauv thiab cov qauv no tau siv (6 qhov kev sim sib luag).Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm ob txoj kev tau muab piv nrog kev ywj pheej t-test.Raws li qhia hauv Table 4, tsis muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm ob txoj hauv kev (P> 0.05).
Txoj kev tshawb no tau siv lub ntsuas dej tsis tu ncua rau kev soj ntsuam ib txhij thiab tshawb xyuas cov phenols tsis zoo, cyanides, anionic surfactants thiab ammonia nitrogen.Cov txiaj ntsig kev ntsuam xyuas qhia tau hais tias cov qauv ntim siv los ntawm cov khoom siv txuas mus ntxiv yog qis dua li cov qauv hauv tebchaws.Nws kuj tseem muaj kev txwv qis dua, siv 80% tsawg dua reagents, yuav tsum tau siv sijhawm tsawg dua rau cov qauv ntawm tus kheej, thiab siv cov tshuaj chloroform tsawg dua.Kev ua haujlwm hauv online yog kev sib xyaw ua ke thiab automated.Lub nruam ntws cia li aspirates reagents thiab kuaj, tom qab ntawd sib tov los ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke, ua kom sov, rho tawm thiab suav nrog colorimetry.Cov txheej txheem kev sim yog ua nyob rau hauv lub kaw lus kaw, uas ua rau lub sijhawm soj ntsuam nrawm, txo cov pa phem ib puag ncig, thiab pab kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov neeg sim.Cov kauj ruam ua haujlwm nyuaj xws li phau ntawv distillation thiab rho tawm tsis xav tau22,32.Txawm li cas los xij, cov kav dej thiab cov khoom siv yog qhov nyuaj, thiab cov txiaj ntsig kev xeem tau cuam tshuam los ntawm ntau yam uas tuaj yeem ua rau lub cev tsis ruaj khov.Muaj ob peb kauj ruam tseem ceeb uas koj tuaj yeem ua tau los txhim kho qhov tseeb ntawm koj cov txiaj ntsig thiab tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam nrog koj qhov kev sim.(1) Tus nqi pH ntawm cov tshuaj yuav tsum raug coj mus rau hauv tus account thaum txiav txim siab tsis hloov pauv phenols thiab cyanides.Lub pH yuav tsum nyob ib ncig ntawm 2 ua ntej nws nkag mus rau hauv lub tshuab distillation.Ntawm pH> 3, cov tshuaj tsw qab amines kuj tuaj yeem raug muab tshem tawm, thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog 4-aminoantipyrine tuaj yeem ua yuam kev.Tsis tas li ntawm pH > 2.5, qhov rov qab ntawm K3 [Fe (CN) 6] yuav tsawg dua 90%.Cov qauv uas muaj cov ntsiab lus ntsev ntau dua 10 g / l tuaj yeem txhaws cov coil distillation thiab ua rau muaj teeb meem.Hauv qhov no, cov dej tshiab yuav tsum tau ntxiv kom txo cov ntsev cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov qauv33.(2) Cov hauv qab no tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau kev txheeb xyuas cov anionic surfactants: cationic chemicals tuaj yeem tsim muaj zog ion khub nrog anionic surfactants.Cov txiaj ntsig kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm: humic acid concentration ntau dua 20 mg / l;cov tebchaw nrog kev ua haujlwm siab (xws li lwm cov surfactants)> 50 mg / l;Cov tshuaj muaj zog txo qis (SO32-, S2O32- thiab OCl-);cov tshuaj uas tsim cov xim molecules, soluble nyob rau hauv chloroform nrog tej reagent;ib co inorganic anions (chloride, bromide thiab nitrate) nyob rau hauv dej khib nyiab34,35.(3) Thaum xam ammonia nitrogen, qis molecular hnyav amines yuav tsum raug coj mus rau hauv tus account, vim tias lawv cov kev cuam tshuam nrog ammonia zoo sib xws, thiab qhov tshwm sim yuav siab dua.Kev cuam tshuam yuav tshwm sim yog tias pH ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv sib tov qis dua 12.6 tom qab tag nrho cov tshuaj reagent tau ntxiv.Cov qauv acidic thiab buffered heev yuav ua rau qhov no.Hlau ions uas precipitate li hydroxides ntawm siab concentrations kuj yuav ua rau tsis zoo reproducibility36,37.
Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias txoj kev ntsuas dej tsis tu ncua rau kev txiav txim siab ib txhij ntawm cov tsis muaj zog phenols, cyanides, anionic surfactants thiab ammonia nitrogen hauv cov dej haus muaj qhov zoo linearity, tsis tshua pom kev txwv, qhov tseeb thiab rov qab zoo.Tsis muaj qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb nrog lub teb chaws tus qauv txheej txheem.Txoj kev no muab cov txheej txheem ceev, rhiab, raug thiab siv tau yooj yim rau kev tshuaj xyuas thiab kev txiav txim siab ntawm ntau cov qauv dej.Nws yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tsim rau kev tshawb nrhiav plaub yam tib lub sijhawm, thiab kev tshawb nrhiav kev ua haujlwm tau zoo heev.
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Post lub sij hawm: Feb-22-2023